<p>Sistem keuangan yang baik untuk pembelian perumahan bagi karyawan (khususnya untuk KPR) berfokus pada <strong>rasio utang yang aman</strong>, <strong>disiplin menabung uang muka (DP)</strong>, dan <strong>persiapan dana tambahan untuk akad.</strong></p><p><br></p><p>Berikut adalah panduan sistem keuangan rumah tangga untuk karyawan yang ingin membeli rumah:</p><p>1. Rasio Utang yang Aman (Max 30%-35% dari Gaji)</p><p>Sistem keuangan yang sehat menetapkan batas maksimal cicilan KPR adalah 30% dari total penghasilan bersih bulanan, atau maksimal 35% jika tidak memiliki utang lain.</p><ol><li data-list="bullet"><span class="ql-ui" contenteditable="false"></span><strong>Contoh Gaji 5 Juta:</strong> Cicilan aman = Rp1,5 juta per bulan.</li><li data-list="bullet"><span class="ql-ui" contenteditable="false"></span><strong>Tujuan:</strong> Agar kebutuhan pokok (makan, transportasi) dan dana darurat tidak terganggu.</li></ol><p><br></p><p>2. Tabungan DP & Dana Tambahan (Pos Khusus)</p><p>Jangan mengandalkan sisa gaji. Buat rekening khusus yang otomatis terpotong saat gajian untuk pos berikut:</p><ol><li data-list="bullet"><span class="ql-ui" contenteditable="false"></span><strong><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Uang+Muka+%28DP%29&sca_esv=3879cc3584fdf07d&biw=1280&bih=585&sxsrf=ANbL-n6lhyWKCGhpoEzg_bTrMEBd66Bj8A%3A1778636406873&ei=dtYDasn9NOGe4-EPs6_ukQs&ved=2ahUKEwjO-7HgkbWUAxWA2DgGHbgBLcAQgK4QegoIAggACAEIERAC&uact=5&oq=bagaimana+sistem+keuangan+yang+baik+untuk+pembelian+perumahan+bagi+karyawan&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiS2JhZ2FpbWFuYSBzaXN0ZW0ga2V1YW5nYW4geWFuZyBiYWlrIHVudHVrIHBlbWJlbGlhbiBwZXJ1bWFoYW4gYmFnaSBrYXJ5YXdhbkj6QVDsFliVN3ACeACQAQGYAZkBoAG6DKoBBDEwLja4AQPIAQD4AQGYAgOgAqwCwgIHECMYsAIYJ8ICBRAAGO8FwgIEECEYCpgDAIgGAZIHAzEuMqAH1yOyBwMxLjK4B6wCwgcFMC4yLjHIBwaACAE&sclient=gws-wiz-serp&mstk=AUtExfClpSFzqRqcWl5wklVodFSnnZuKtDDwPkrYUyhY9oMhDat2YOZ-0dEmbu26lmRGbwZwqznGrGQtS-juE1uYK_eLdebDuAHuMPwWt7YxeYd4z6uyHMYeju-DL1M_lJLhnk3FLS2ZniUWEBBBGlNriPIZEWDAQf0921ZcNgKBbRMQvnhHH9N6KIgSwCMxDhxKsksmfpLJ1mth_Th_p7xpz34zhM_JpxF9Et-O-ZyGmObfudGQXQkIp-21MjkFZ4uayMOug1QOi4jn56UQjybrhBji&csui=3" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Uang Muka (DP)</a>:</strong> Sediakan minimal 10-20% dari harga rumah.</li><li data-list="bullet"><span class="ql-ui" contenteditable="false"></span><strong><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Biaya+Akad%2FProses&sca_esv=3879cc3584fdf07d&biw=1280&bih=585&sxsrf=ANbL-n6lhyWKCGhpoEzg_bTrMEBd66Bj8A%3A1778636406873&ei=dtYDasn9NOGe4-EPs6_ukQs&ved=2ahUKEwjO-7HgkbWUAxWA2DgGHbgBLcAQgK4QegoIAggACAEIERAE&uact=5&oq=bagaimana+sistem+keuangan+yang+baik+untuk+pembelian+perumahan+bagi+karyawan&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiS2JhZ2FpbWFuYSBzaXN0ZW0ga2V1YW5nYW4geWFuZyBiYWlrIHVudHVrIHBlbWJlbGlhbiBwZXJ1bWFoYW4gYmFnaSBrYXJ5YXdhbkj6QVDsFliVN3ACeACQAQGYAZkBoAG6DKoBBDEwLja4AQPIAQD4AQGYAgOgAqwCwgIHECMYsAIYJ8ICBRAAGO8FwgIEECEYCpgDAIgGAZIHAzEuMqAH1yOyBwMxLjK4B6wCwgcFMC4yLjHIBwaACAE&sclient=gws-wiz-serp&mstk=AUtExfClpSFzqRqcWl5wklVodFSnnZuKtDDwPkrYUyhY9oMhDat2YOZ-0dEmbu26lmRGbwZwqznGrGQtS-juE1uYK_eLdebDuAHuMPwWt7YxeYd4z6uyHMYeju-DL1M_lJLhnk3FLS2ZniUWEBBBGlNriPIZEWDAQf0921ZcNgKBbRMQvnhHH9N6KIgSwCMxDhxKsksmfpLJ1mth_Th_p7xpz34zhM_JpxF9Et-O-ZyGmObfudGQXQkIp-21MjkFZ4uayMOug1QOi4jn56UQjybrhBji&csui=3" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Biaya Akad/Proses</a>:</strong> Siapkan dana tambahan sekitar 5%-10% dari plafon kredit. Ini untuk biaya provisi, administrasi, asuransi, dan notaris (AJB, BPHTB).</li><li data-list="bullet"><span class="ql-ui" contenteditable="false"></span><strong><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Strategi&sca_esv=3879cc3584fdf07d&biw=1280&bih=585&sxsrf=ANbL-n6lhyWKCGhpoEzg_bTrMEBd66Bj8A%3A1778636406873&ei=dtYDasn9NOGe4-EPs6_ukQs&ved=2ahUKEwjO-7HgkbWUAxWA2DgGHbgBLcAQgK4QegoIAggACAEIERAG&uact=5&oq=bagaimana+sistem+keuangan+yang+baik+untuk+pembelian+perumahan+bagi+karyawan&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiS2JhZ2FpbWFuYSBzaXN0ZW0ga2V1YW5nYW4geWFuZyBiYWlrIHVudHVrIHBlbWJlbGlhbiBwZXJ1bWFoYW4gYmFnaSBrYXJ5YXdhbkj6QVDsFliVN3ACeACQAQGYAZkBoAG6DKoBBDEwLja4AQPIAQD4AQGYAgOgAqwCwgIHECMYsAIYJ8ICBRAAGO8FwgIEECEYCpgDAIgGAZIHAzEuMqAH1yOyBwMxLjK4B6wCwgcFMC4yLjHIBwaACAE&sclient=gws-wiz-serp&mstk=AUtExfClpSFzqRqcWl5wklVodFSnnZuKtDDwPkrYUyhY9oMhDat2YOZ-0dEmbu26lmRGbwZwqznGrGQtS-juE1uYK_eLdebDuAHuMPwWt7YxeYd4z6uyHMYeju-DL1M_lJLhnk3FLS2ZniUWEBBBGlNriPIZEWDAQf0921ZcNgKBbRMQvnhHH9N6KIgSwCMxDhxKsksmfpLJ1mth_Th_p7xpz34zhM_JpxF9Et-O-ZyGmObfudGQXQkIp-21MjkFZ4uayMOug1QOi4jn56UQjybrhBji&csui=3" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Strategi</a>:</strong> Gunakan instrumen investasi aman seperti reksadana pasar uang atau emas untuk menghindari penurunan nilai uang akibat inflasi.</li></ol><p><br></p><p>3. Persiapan Administratif & Riwayat Kredit</p><p>Bank akan memeriksa SLIK OJK (dulu BI Checking).</p><ol><li data-list="bullet"><span class="ql-ui" contenteditable="false"></span><strong><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Riwayat+Kredit+Bersih&sca_esv=3879cc3584fdf07d&biw=1280&bih=585&sxsrf=ANbL-n6lhyWKCGhpoEzg_bTrMEBd66Bj8A%3A1778636406873&ei=dtYDasn9NOGe4-EPs6_ukQs&ved=2ahUKEwjO-7HgkbWUAxWA2DgGHbgBLcAQgK4QegoIAggACAEIGhAC&uact=5&oq=bagaimana+sistem+keuangan+yang+baik+untuk+pembelian+perumahan+bagi+karyawan&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiS2JhZ2FpbWFuYSBzaXN0ZW0ga2V1YW5nYW4geWFuZyBiYWlrIHVudHVrIHBlbWJlbGlhbiBwZXJ1bWFoYW4gYmFnaSBrYXJ5YXdhbkj6QVDsFliVN3ACeACQAQGYAZkBoAG6DKoBBDEwLja4AQPIAQD4AQGYAgOgAqwCwgIHECMYsAIYJ8ICBRAAGO8FwgIEECEYCpgDAIgGAZIHAzEuMqAH1yOyBwMxLjK4B6wCwgcFMC4yLjHIBwaACAE&sclient=gws-wiz-serp&mstk=AUtExfClpSFzqRqcWl5wklVodFSnnZuKtDDwPkrYUyhY9oMhDat2YOZ-0dEmbu26lmRGbwZwqznGrGQtS-juE1uYK_eLdebDuAHuMPwWt7YxeYd4z6uyHMYeju-DL1M_lJLhnk3FLS2ZniUWEBBBGlNriPIZEWDAQf0921ZcNgKBbRMQvnhHH9N6KIgSwCMxDhxKsksmfpLJ1mth_Th_p7xpz34zhM_JpxF9Et-O-ZyGmObfudGQXQkIp-21MjkFZ4uayMOug1QOi4jn56UQjybrhBji&csui=3" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Riwayat Kredit Bersih</a>:</strong> Pastikan tidak ada tunggakan utang (kartu kredit, paylater, pinjol).</li><li data-list="bullet"><span class="ql-ui" contenteditable="false"></span><strong><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Slip+Gaji&sca_esv=3879cc3584fdf07d&biw=1280&bih=585&sxsrf=ANbL-n6lhyWKCGhpoEzg_bTrMEBd66Bj8A%3A1778636406873&ei=dtYDasn9NOGe4-EPs6_ukQs&ved=2ahUKEwjO-7HgkbWUAxWA2DgGHbgBLcAQgK4QegoIAggACAEIGhAE&uact=5&oq=bagaimana+sistem+keuangan+yang+baik+untuk+pembelian+perumahan+bagi+karyawan&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiS2JhZ2FpbWFuYSBzaXN0ZW0ga2V1YW5nYW4geWFuZyBiYWlrIHVudHVrIHBlbWJlbGlhbiBwZXJ1bWFoYW4gYmFnaSBrYXJ5YXdhbkj6QVDsFliVN3ACeACQAQGYAZkBoAG6DKoBBDEwLja4AQPIAQD4AQGYAgOgAqwCwgIHECMYsAIYJ8ICBRAAGO8FwgIEECEYCpgDAIgGAZIHAzEuMqAH1yOyBwMxLjK4B6wCwgcFMC4yLjHIBwaACAE&sclient=gws-wiz-serp&mstk=AUtExfClpSFzqRqcWl5wklVodFSnnZuKtDDwPkrYUyhY9oMhDat2YOZ-0dEmbu26lmRGbwZwqznGrGQtS-juE1uYK_eLdebDuAHuMPwWt7YxeYd4z6uyHMYeju-DL1M_lJLhnk3FLS2ZniUWEBBBGlNriPIZEWDAQf0921ZcNgKBbRMQvnhHH9N6KIgSwCMxDhxKsksmfpLJ1mth_Th_p7xpz34zhM_JpxF9Et-O-ZyGmObfudGQXQkIp-21MjkFZ4uayMOug1QOi4jn56UQjybrhBji&csui=3" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Slip Gaji</a>:</strong> Pastikan slip gaji teratur dan jika karyawan kontrak, pastikan kontrak masih panjang. </li></ol><p><br></p><p>4. Pilihan Skema KPR yang Sesuai</p><ol><li data-list="bullet"><span class="ql-ui" contenteditable="false"></span><strong><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=KPR+Subsidi&sca_esv=3879cc3584fdf07d&biw=1280&bih=585&sxsrf=ANbL-n6lhyWKCGhpoEzg_bTrMEBd66Bj8A%3A1778636406873&ei=dtYDasn9NOGe4-EPs6_ukQs&ved=2ahUKEwjO-7HgkbWUAxWA2DgGHbgBLcAQgK4QegoIAggACAEIIhAC&uact=5&oq=bagaimana+sistem+keuangan+yang+baik+untuk+pembelian+perumahan+bagi+karyawan&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiS2JhZ2FpbWFuYSBzaXN0ZW0ga2V1YW5nYW4geWFuZyBiYWlrIHVudHVrIHBlbWJlbGlhbiBwZXJ1bWFoYW4gYmFnaSBrYXJ5YXdhbkj6QVDsFliVN3ACeACQAQGYAZkBoAG6DKoBBDEwLja4AQPIAQD4AQGYAgOgAqwCwgIHECMYsAIYJ8ICBRAAGO8FwgIEECEYCpgDAIgGAZIHAzEuMqAH1yOyBwMxLjK4B6wCwgcFMC4yLjHIBwaACAE&sclient=gws-wiz-serp&mstk=AUtExfClpSFzqRqcWl5wklVodFSnnZuKtDDwPkrYUyhY9oMhDat2YOZ-0dEmbu26lmRGbwZwqznGrGQtS-juE1uYK_eLdebDuAHuMPwWt7YxeYd4z6uyHMYeju-DL1M_lJLhnk3FLS2ZniUWEBBBGlNriPIZEWDAQf0921ZcNgKBbRMQvnhHH9N6KIgSwCMxDhxKsksmfpLJ1mth_Th_p7xpz34zhM_JpxF9Et-O-ZyGmObfudGQXQkIp-21MjkFZ4uayMOug1QOi4jn56UQjybrhBji&csui=3" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">KPR Subsidi</a> (Untuk MBR/Gaji UMR):</strong> Bunga rendah 5% flat, DP rendah (bisa 1%), tenor panjang.</li><li data-list="bullet"><span class="ql-ui" contenteditable="false"></span><strong><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=KPR+Konvensional%2FSyariah&sca_esv=3879cc3584fdf07d&biw=1280&bih=585&sxsrf=ANbL-n6lhyWKCGhpoEzg_bTrMEBd66Bj8A%3A1778636406873&ei=dtYDasn9NOGe4-EPs6_ukQs&ved=2ahUKEwjO-7HgkbWUAxWA2DgGHbgBLcAQgK4QegoIAggACAEIIhAE&uact=5&oq=bagaimana+sistem+keuangan+yang+baik+untuk+pembelian+perumahan+bagi+karyawan&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiS2JhZ2FpbWFuYSBzaXN0ZW0ga2V1YW5nYW4geWFuZyBiYWlrIHVudHVrIHBlbWJlbGlhbiBwZXJ1bWFoYW4gYmFnaSBrYXJ5YXdhbkj6QVDsFliVN3ACeACQAQGYAZkBoAG6DKoBBDEwLja4AQPIAQD4AQGYAgOgAqwCwgIHECMYsAIYJ8ICBRAAGO8FwgIEECEYCpgDAIgGAZIHAzEuMqAH1yOyBwMxLjK4B6wCwgcFMC4yLjHIBwaACAE&sclient=gws-wiz-serp&mstk=AUtExfClpSFzqRqcWl5wklVodFSnnZuKtDDwPkrYUyhY9oMhDat2YOZ-0dEmbu26lmRGbwZwqznGrGQtS-juE1uYK_eLdebDuAHuMPwWt7YxeYd4z6uyHMYeju-DL1M_lJLhnk3FLS2ZniUWEBBBGlNriPIZEWDAQf0921ZcNgKBbRMQvnhHH9N6KIgSwCMxDhxKsksmfpLJ1mth_Th_p7xpz34zhM_JpxF9Et-O-ZyGmObfudGQXQkIp-21MjkFZ4uayMOug1QOi4jn56UQjybrhBji&csui=3" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">KPR Konvensional/Syariah</a>:</strong> Pilihan suku bunga tetap (fixed) untuk jangka waktu tertentu, lalu <em>floating</em> (mengambang). </li></ol><p><br></p><p>5. Pengelolaan Anggaran (Cash Flow)</p><ol><li data-list="bullet"><span class="ql-ui" contenteditable="false"></span><strong><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Evaluasi&sca_esv=3879cc3584fdf07d&biw=1280&bih=585&sxsrf=ANbL-n6lhyWKCGhpoEzg_bTrMEBd66Bj8A%3A1778636406873&ei=dtYDasn9NOGe4-EPs6_ukQs&ved=2ahUKEwjO-7HgkbWUAxWA2DgGHbgBLcAQgK4QegoIAggACAEIJhAC&uact=5&oq=bagaimana+sistem+keuangan+yang+baik+untuk+pembelian+perumahan+bagi+karyawan&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiS2JhZ2FpbWFuYSBzaXN0ZW0ga2V1YW5nYW4geWFuZyBiYWlrIHVudHVrIHBlbWJlbGlhbiBwZXJ1bWFoYW4gYmFnaSBrYXJ5YXdhbkj6QVDsFliVN3ACeACQAQGYAZkBoAG6DKoBBDEwLja4AQPIAQD4AQGYAgOgAqwCwgIHECMYsAIYJ8ICBRAAGO8FwgIEECEYCpgDAIgGAZIHAzEuMqAH1yOyBwMxLjK4B6wCwgcFMC4yLjHIBwaACAE&sclient=gws-wiz-serp&mstk=AUtExfClpSFzqRqcWl5wklVodFSnnZuKtDDwPkrYUyhY9oMhDat2YOZ-0dEmbu26lmRGbwZwqznGrGQtS-juE1uYK_eLdebDuAHuMPwWt7YxeYd4z6uyHMYeju-DL1M_lJLhnk3FLS2ZniUWEBBBGlNriPIZEWDAQf0921ZcNgKBbRMQvnhHH9N6KIgSwCMxDhxKsksmfpLJ1mth_Th_p7xpz34zhM_JpxF9Et-O-ZyGmObfudGQXQkIp-21MjkFZ4uayMOug1QOi4jn56UQjybrhBji&csui=3" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Evaluasi</a>:</strong> Potong pengeluaran gaya hidup (ngopi, <em>streaming</em>) dan alihkan ke tabungan rumah.</li><li data-list="bullet"><span class="ql-ui" contenteditable="false"></span><strong><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Dana+Darurat&sca_esv=3879cc3584fdf07d&biw=1280&bih=585&sxsrf=ANbL-n6lhyWKCGhpoEzg_bTrMEBd66Bj8A%3A1778636406873&ei=dtYDasn9NOGe4-EPs6_ukQs&ved=2ahUKEwjO-7HgkbWUAxWA2DgGHbgBLcAQgK4QegoIAggACAEIJhAE&uact=5&oq=bagaimana+sistem+keuangan+yang+baik+untuk+pembelian+perumahan+bagi+karyawan&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiS2JhZ2FpbWFuYSBzaXN0ZW0ga2V1YW5nYW4geWFuZyBiYWlrIHVudHVrIHBlbWJlbGlhbiBwZXJ1bWFoYW4gYmFnaSBrYXJ5YXdhbkj6QVDsFliVN3ACeACQAQGYAZkBoAG6DKoBBDEwLja4AQPIAQD4AQGYAgOgAqwCwgIHECMYsAIYJ8ICBRAAGO8FwgIEECEYCpgDAIgGAZIHAzEuMqAH1yOyBwMxLjK4B6wCwgcFMC4yLjHIBwaACAE&sclient=gws-wiz-serp&mstk=AUtExfClpSFzqRqcWl5wklVodFSnnZuKtDDwPkrYUyhY9oMhDat2YOZ-0dEmbu26lmRGbwZwqznGrGQtS-juE1uYK_eLdebDuAHuMPwWt7YxeYd4z6uyHMYeju-DL1M_lJLhnk3FLS2ZniUWEBBBGlNriPIZEWDAQf0921ZcNgKBbRMQvnhHH9N6KIgSwCMxDhxKsksmfpLJ1mth_Th_p7xpz34zhM_JpxF9Et-O-ZyGmObfudGQXQkIp-21MjkFZ4uayMOug1QOi4jn56UQjybrhBji&csui=3" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Dana Darurat</a>:</strong> Pastikan memiliki dana darurat minimal 3-6 bulan pengeluaran sebelum mengajukan KPR.</li><li data-list="bullet"><span class="ql-ui" contenteditable="false"></span><strong><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Penghasilan+Sampingan&sca_esv=3879cc3584fdf07d&biw=1280&bih=585&sxsrf=ANbL-n6lhyWKCGhpoEzg_bTrMEBd66Bj8A%3A1778636406873&ei=dtYDasn9NOGe4-EPs6_ukQs&ved=2ahUKEwjO-7HgkbWUAxWA2DgGHbgBLcAQgK4QegoIAggACAEIJhAG&uact=5&oq=bagaimana+sistem+keuangan+yang+baik+untuk+pembelian+perumahan+bagi+karyawan&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiS2JhZ2FpbWFuYSBzaXN0ZW0ga2V1YW5nYW4geWFuZyBiYWlrIHVudHVrIHBlbWJlbGlhbiBwZXJ1bWFoYW4gYmFnaSBrYXJ5YXdhbkj6QVDsFliVN3ACeACQAQGYAZkBoAG6DKoBBDEwLja4AQPIAQD4AQGYAgOgAqwCwgIHECMYsAIYJ8ICBRAAGO8FwgIEECEYCpgDAIgGAZIHAzEuMqAH1yOyBwMxLjK4B6wCwgcFMC4yLjHIBwaACAE&sclient=gws-wiz-serp&mstk=AUtExfClpSFzqRqcWl5wklVodFSnnZuKtDDwPkrYUyhY9oMhDat2YOZ-0dEmbu26lmRGbwZwqznGrGQtS-juE1uYK_eLdebDuAHuMPwWt7YxeYd4z6uyHMYeju-DL1M_lJLhnk3FLS2ZniUWEBBBGlNriPIZEWDAQf0921ZcNgKBbRMQvnhHH9N6KIgSwCMxDhxKsksmfpLJ1mth_Th_p7xpz34zhM_JpxF9Et-O-ZyGmObfudGQXQkIp-21MjkFZ4uayMOug1QOi4jn56UQjybrhBji&csui=3" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Penghasilan Sampingan</a>:</strong> Jika cicilan terlalu berat, carilah pendapatan tambahan. </li></ol><p><br></p><p>Ringkasan Langkah Keuangan</p><ol><li data-list="ordered"><span class="ql-ui" contenteditable="false"></span><strong>Cek SLIK OJK</strong> (Pastikan bersih).</li><li data-list="ordered"><span class="ql-ui" contenteditable="false"></span><strong>Hitung Budget Rumah</strong> (Cicilan = 30% Gaji).</li><li data-list="ordered"><span class="ql-ui" contenteditable="false"></span><strong>Buka Rekening Khusus DP + Biaya Akad</strong> (Target 15-25% dari harga rumah).</li><li data-list="ordered"><span class="ql-ui" contenteditable="false"></span><strong>Siapkan Dana Darurat</strong>.</li><li data-list="ordered"><span class="ql-ui" contenteditable="false"></span><strong>Pilih Properti & Ajukan KPR</strong>. </li></ol><p><br></p>
Bagaimana sistem keuangan yang baik untuk pembelian perumahan bagi karyawan ?
